![]() The first two stories are unornamented brown sandstone with large, deep windows.Raymond Boyd/Getty Imagesĭesigned by Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler, the Wainwright Building, named after Missouri brewer Ellis Wainwright, became a prototype for designing (not engineering) the modern day office buildings. To empathize the height, architect Louis Sullivan used a three-part composition: Louis Sullivan's Form and Function The Wainwright Building in St. Jenney has been called "Father of the American Skyscraper" not only for completing this building first among the Chicago School architects, but also for mentoring important designers such as Daniel Burnham, William Holabird, and Louis Sullivan. The Home Insurance Building, demolished in 1931, is considered by many historians to be the very first skyscraper, even though architects' plans for using the steel cage building technique were all over Chicago at the time. Steel framing allowed buildings to rise and "scrape the sky." Earlier cast-iron buildings, such as the shorter 1857 Haughwout Building in New York City, used a similar frame construction technique, but cast-iron is no match to steel in terms of strength. Steel beams would support a building's height, on which the "skin" or exterior walls, like cast-iron facades, could hang or be attached. William LeBaron Jenney, an engineer and urban planner, used a new metal material, steel, to create a stronger, lighter framework. Until the mid-1800s, tall buildings and towers were structurally supported by thick, stone or earthen walls. Reaching a height of 138 feet (expanded to 180 feet in 1890), the Home Insurance Building was a full 10 stories high, with two more stories added in 1890. At the Corner of Adams and LaSalle Streets in Chicago, Illinois, stood the 1885 prototype for buildings yet to be built. Bettmann/Getty Images (cropped)Īfter the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed much of the city's wooden buildings, William LeBaron Jenney designed a more fire-resistant structure framed with interior steel. Considered the First American Skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building Built in 1885 by William LeBaron Jenney.
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